India’s struggle for independence was shaped not only by political movements but also by the fearless acts of revolutionaries who refused to bow to colonial oppression. Among them, Shaheed Udham Singh stands as a symbol of courage, justice, and unwavering patriotism.

Early Life and Orphanhood

Udham Singh was born on 26th December 1899 in Sunam, a town in Punjab’s Sangrur district, to Sardar Tehal Singh Jammu and Mata Narain Kaur. Tragically, he lost both parents at an early age, leaving him and his elder brother orphaned. The brothers were taken in by the Central Khalsa Orphanage in Amritsar, where Udham Singh’s character, discipline, and sense of justice were nurtured.
He completed his matriculation in 1918, but it was the following year that would irrevocably change his life.

Witnessing Atrocity: Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

On 13th April 1919, Udham Singh was serving water to peaceful protestors at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar when British General Dyer ordered troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd. Over a thousand people were killed, leaving an indelible scar on Udham Singh’s heart. This horrific event became the catalyst for his lifelong mission for justice.

Revolutionary Journey and Ideological Influences

Udham Singh was deeply inspired by the revolutionary ideals of Bhagat Singh and joined the Ghadar Party in 1924, committing himself to India’s freedom struggle. His activism continued despite facing arrests, including in 1927 for possession of illegal weapons. Every step of his journey reflected his unyielding resolve to fight oppression.

Act of Vengeance: Assassination of Michael O’Dwyer

After spending years planning his mission, Udham Singh reached London in 1935, determined to avenge the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. On 13th March 1940, he shot Michael O’Dwyer, the former Lieutenant Governor of Punjab, who had sanctioned Dyer’s brutal action. Singh was promptly arrested, tried, and, despite international attention, was executed by hanging on 31st July 1940 at Pentonville Prison at the age of 41.

Legacy and Remembrance

Shaheed Udham Singh’s life is a testament to patriotism, justice, and courage. His sacrifice is commemorated every year on his birth anniversary, Udham Singh Jayanti, celebrated across schools, colleges, and freedom fighter groups with speeches, plays, and tributes. Revered as Shaheed-i-Azam, his story continues to inspire generations to uphold the values of justice and integrity.

Udham Singh’s narrative is not merely historical, it is a lesson in moral courage, showing that one person’s determination can challenge injustice and leave an enduring legacy for the nation.

Written by Divas Kumar Dwivedi, Faculty and Expert in General Studies and Current Affairs