Bangladesh From Independence Day

BANGLADESH - From Independence to Unrest

PART :- I

Introduction :

• Examples of society and classroom [Try to explain the concept of Padosi]
• One country have to make nice relation with neighbour country.

Overview Briefly introduction of Bangladesh.

India's Padosi Country :

• Pakistan [North-East]
• Afghanistan [Little Touch to J & K]
• Nepal
• China
• Bhutan
• Myanmar [East]
• Bangladesh [Covered from 3 sides]
• Sri Lanka

Map of Bangladesh

• Capital = Dhaka
• Official language = Bengali
• Currency = Bangladeshi Taka
• National Animal = Royal Bengal Tiger

Sharing Transboundary : River Waters

• India and Bangladesh shares 54 common rivers.[Ganga Water Treaty and Kushiyara Water Treaty]

Cultural Aspects

Religion Diversity of Bangladesh

[Pie Chart: Religion Diversity of Bangladesh]

• Muslims: 15 crore

• Hindus: 1.31 crore

• Buddhists: 0.10 crore

• Christians: 0.0495 crore

• Others: 0.0198 crore

PART :- II

Historical background.

Before Independence

• In 1945, every countries were united [Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar etc..]
• In 1905, started 'divide and rule' policy of british in Bengal and also started 'Swadeshi movement', till 1911-12.

Era of partition

• India was divided into India and Pakistan in 1947.
• Map after 1971, East Pakistan became an independent country called Bangladesh.
• Pakistan remained only as present day Pakistan.
• Popular language of West Pakistan is Urdu and Punjab and Sindh leaders were popular.
• East Pakistan popular language is Bengali.

Bangladesh War 1971

• Operation Searchlight was a military operation launched by the Pakistani Army on 25th March, 1971 in East Pakistan [Bangladesh].
• The army targeted Bengali civilians, intellectuals, students, and political leaders.

The beginning of the War : India's Role

• Refuge camps were set up in states like West Bengal, Assam and Tripura.
• This horrific violence forced around 10 million people to flee to India, seeking refuge.
• The situation reminds genocide by Anthony Mascarenhas.

Declaration of War

• India started providing medicine, food, house, etc to Bangladesh during genocide.
• March 26, 1971 : Sheikh Mujibur Rahman declare the independence of Bangladesh leading to the beginning of a war of liberation.
• Started training Bangladeshi People to fight for independence.

Conflict and International involvement

• Initial Phase [March - April 1971] : Guerrilla Warfare
• The Indo-Pakistan War [December 3-16, 1971]

PART :- III

Post Independence Struggle

Stakeholders

• Awami Party [Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]

• Ziaur Rahman

• Jamaat-e-Islami

• Sheikh Mujibur Rahman banned Jamaat-e-Islami.

Cabinet Bangladesh Civil Services [BCS]

• Freedom fighter : 30%
• Women affected by War : 10%
• Backward Districts : 10%
• Tribes Community : 5%
• Physically : 1%

Army divided after including Muktibahini

• 1st group: Support Muktibahini

• 2nd group: Support West Pakistan

Then, On 15/08/1975 Dhanmondi family was assassinated by army.

Rise of Ziaur Rahman

Key development under Ziaur Rahman

• Founder - BNP [Bangladesh Nationalist Party]
• General Ziaur Rahman
• He became the chief Martial law administrator and later the President of Bangladesh.
• His rise marked the beginning of a new political era.
• Coordination with Janat-e-islani
• Won 207 seats in 300 in the general election.
• Restore multiparty system
• Economic liberalization
• Strong Military influence
• Improved Relations with neighbours.
• Merit system increases kota system decreases.

After assassination of Ziaur Rahman

• Return to Democracy after Zia's Death.

Power Thirst challenges.

• In 1981, BNP was supported by Ziaur Rahman wife Khaleda Zia.
• Awami Party was supported by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman daughter Sheikh Hasina.
• 1991 election : Khaleda Zia VS Sheikh Hasina won with the help of Janat.
• 1996 election : Khaleda Zia VS Sheikh Hasina -> won [Kota system for freedom fighters child]
• 2001 election : Khaleda Zia VS Sheikh Hasina -> won – During that era, Muhammad Yunus entered [Presidential Medal of freedom, and the US Congressional Gold Medal]
• 2008 election : Khaleda Zia VS Sheikh Hasina ↓ won

Steps taken

• 15th amendment 2011 secular word included.
• Caretaker govt. system removed
• Jamaat Ban
• Zia Orphanage Ban
• Kota removed

2024 Election

• Election boycott
• Court decision
• Kota introduced act
• Election won by Sheikh Hasina
• Student protest :[Asif Mahmud, Nahid Islam, Abu Bakar]
• Student protest + Opposition party + Extremist group = Conflict
• Sheikh Hasina resigned from politics and run away into India.

Challenges for India : Current Situation

Current Scenario

• Involvement of United Nation in the countries.